Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时态

The Present Perfect Tense is formed by combining an auxiliary verb (have/has) with a past participle.

现在完成时态的形成方式是把助动词 (have/has) 和过去分词结合起来。

Auxiliary Verb (have/has) + Past Participle = Present Perfect Tense

助动词 (have/has) + 过去分词 = 现在完成时态

Examples:

例子:

have + done = have done

has + written = has written


We use the present perfect tense for:

我们用现在完成时态来：

(i) an action that has already happened, but the exact time that it happened is not known. Therefore, we cannot use the present perfect tense with time expressions such as‘just now’,‘an hour ago’, ‘yesterday’,‘last week’,‘when I was young’, etc. (Such time expressions are used with the simple past tense instead.)

形容一个已经发生的动作，但我们不知道该动作是何时发生的。因此，我们不能在一个现在完成时态的句子里用上时间的表达，例如：‘just now’(刚才)、 ‘an hour ago’(一个小时之前)、‘yesterday’(昨天)、‘last week’(上个星期)、‘when I was young’(在我小时候)等。(这些时间的表达是用在一般过去时态的句子里。)

Examples:

例子:

Huajuan has seen that movie.

华娟已看过那场电影。


The naughty child has blown out the candle.

那顽皮的小孩已把蜡烛吹灭。


The police have caught the murderer.

警方已抓到凶手。


Qianqian and Yongle have gone up the hill.

芊芊与永乐已上山去了。


The concert has already begun.

那场演奏会已经开始了。






(ii) an action that started in the past and continued into the present, or is still happening now.‘For’and‘since’are often used with the tense.

形容一个在过去开始而持续到现今的动作。或者说，那个动作到目前还在发生。我们常常会在一个现在完成时态的句子里用到‘for’(表示一段时间)及 ‘since’(自从)。

Examples:

例子:

Marie has lived in Japan since 1998.

自一九九八年以来，玛丽就一直居住在日本。


You have read the magazine for two hours.

你已经阅读杂志两个小时了。


Xiufen has watched TV since this morning.

自今天早上起，秀芬就一直看电视。


The children have swum in the pool since 9 o’clock.

自九点钟起，那些小孩就一直在池里游泳。


My daughter has had a cold for three days.

我的女儿已经感冒了三天。



Exercises 习题

Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the verbs in brackets.

用括号里动词的现在完成时态来填充空格。

1. Dr. Danny ____________ (practice) medicine for more than a decade.

2. You can have your dinner now. I ____________ (just finish) cooking.

3. Sylvia ____________ (do) her homework for forty-five minutes.

4. Whitney ____________ (break) the expensive vase. Her mother is angry with her.

5. Mr. Lee and his family ____________ (reside) in China for five years.

6. James ____________ (write) a letter to apply for the job.

7. Mrs. Stanley ____________ (talk) over the phone for an hour.

8. ____________ I ____________ (meet) you before? I can’t remember.

9. The painters ____________ (paint) the building for a week.

10. Someone ____________ (steal) my fountain pen.

11. The accident victims ____________ (stay) in the hospital since last Sunday.

12. The gardener ____________ (sow) some seeds in the pot.


Answers

1. has practiced

2. have just finished

3. has done

4. has broken

5. have resided

6. has written

7. has talked

8. Have, met

9. have painted

10. has stolen

11. have stayed

12. has sown